Every ingredient. Every amount.

Research on melatonin depends heavily on the use case and the person. It is not a guaranteed sedative or a cure for insomnia, and next-day effects vary. Source: NIH NCCIH, Melatonin: What You Need To Know.

Human evidence for valerian and sleep problems is inconsistent. This amount is not established as a clinically proven dose, and no study of this finished formula exists. Source: NIH ODS, Valerian fact sheet.

Sleep-related evidence for chamomile is limited and does not establish a reliable benefit for this particular extract and amount. People allergic to related plants (such as ragweed) should seek professional advice. Source: NIH NCCIH, Chamomile.

GABA's role in the body is different from evidence about taking it orally. A systematic review found very limited evidence for oral GABA's sleep benefits. Source: Hepsomali et al., Frontiers in Neuroscience, 2020.

A meta-analysis reported stronger findings at amounts of at least 1 g. This product supplies 100 mg per serving; those findings do not transfer, and you should not take extra capsules to reach them. Source: Sutanto et al., Nutrition Reviews, 2022.

Some research has investigated specific standardized preparations, such as a phytosome formulation. The extract in this product is not that preparation, so those results do not apply here.

Sleep research is limited, with mixed findings across outcomes. The supplier has not specified the species or preparation, so research on particular preparations cannot be assumed to apply.